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Coin · 14th–17th century CE

Vijayanagara gold varaha

Found
Across South India and in hoards as far as Sri Lanka
Kept at
Government Museum, Chennai; British Museum and other collections

The small, thick gold coin of Vijayanagara, called varaha after the boar on the royal seal, hon in Marathi and Kannada, and “pagoda” by the Europeans.

What it says

The coin weighed about 3.4 g, the old gadyana weight. Harihara II struck Uma-Maheshvara seated together. Krishnadevaraya’s coins show Balakrishna seated between conch and chakra, with “Sri Pratapa Krishnaraya” in Nagari on the back; later kings put Lakshmi-Narayana or Venkateshvara on theirs. Achyuta Raya used the two-headed gandabherunda.

What it proves

The varaha was the trusted gold of the south for three centuries; the companies of Europe copied it on the coast as the “pagoda”, and each issue names the deity the king served.

Evidence for