Photo: "Mirza 'Abd al-Rahim, Khan-i khanan (Mirza 'Abd al-Rahim, Kh · Public domain
Chronicle · Memoirs to 1529 CE

Baburnama

Found
Written by Babur in Chagatai Turki; translated into Persian at Akbar’s order by Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan in 1589
Kept at
Turki and illustrated Persian manuscripts in Delhi, London, Moscow and elsewhere

Babur’s own memoir of his wars from Ferghana to Hindustan, with his account of Panipat and Khanwa.

What it says

He describes the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat in April 1526, and the hard battle against Rana Sanga at Khanwa in March 1527, before which he gave up wine and declared the war a jihad. At Gwalior in 1528 he records ordering the rock-cut Jain images of the Urwa valley destroyed.

What it proves

It is the conqueror’s first-hand account of how Mughal rule began and of the Rajput confederacy’s stand under Rana Sanga.

Evidence for