Photo: CNG Coins · CC BY-SA 3.0
Chronicle · c. 1216 CE (Persian version)

Chachnama

Found
Written at Uch in Sindh by Ali bin Hamid Kufi, who says he translated it from an older Arabic account
Kept at
Persian manuscripts in libraries in India, Pakistan and Britain

The account of Sindh under the Brahmana king Chach and his son Dahir, and of its conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in 711–712.

What it says

It describes Dahir’s last battle near Raor, where he fell fighting on his elephant in 712, the burning of the women of Raor fort in jauhar rather than be taken, the fall of Brahmanabad, Alor and Multan, and the jizya laid on the people.

What it proves

It is the main narrative source for the first Arab conquest on Indian soil and for the Hindu kingdom of Sindh it ended.

Evidence for