Photo: Snehrashmi · CC BY-SA 4.0
Inscription · c. 268–232 BCE

Edicts of Ashoka

Found
Carved on rocks and polished pillars from Kandahar to Karnataka; first read by James Prinsep in 1837
Kept at
Most still stand where they were carved; pillars at Delhi, Prayagraj, Lauriya Nandangarh, Rampurva and elsewhere

Fourteen major rock edicts, minor rock edicts and seven pillar edicts in which the Maurya emperor speaks in his own voice, as Devanampiya Piyadasi.

What it says

Most are in Prakrit in Brahmi script; in the northwest they use Kharoshthi, and at Kandahar Greek and Aramaic. They order care for men and animals, wells and shade trees on roads, and respect for Brahmanas and shramanas alike. Rock Edict XII asks that each sect honour the others, for whoever praises his own sect and condemns another harms his own.

What it proves

They fix the extent of the Maurya empire on the ground and give the first long royal texts in Bharat that survive in the original.

Evidence for