Photo: unknown Indus Valley Civilization sealmaker from Mohenjodaro · Public domain
Excavation · c. 2500–2000 BCE; found 1928–29

The Pashupati seal

Found
Mohenjo-daro, Sindh, in E. J. H. Mackay’s season of 1928–29
Kept at
National Museum, New Delhi

A small steatite seal of a figure seated in a yogic posture, wearing a horned headdress and surrounded by animals, whom many see as Pashupati, Lord of creatures.

What it says

The figure sits on a low throne with heels pressed together and arms stretched over the knees, the body covered in bangles. An elephant and a tiger stand on one side, a rhinoceros and a buffalo on the other, and two antelopes below the seat. A line of Indus signs runs across the top. John Marshall saw in it the Pashupati of later worship. The Indus script is not yet read, so the seal’s own words are not known.

What it proves

It is the oldest image of a seated yogi yet found, made more than four thousand years ago.

Evidence for