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Ruler

Kumaragupta I

Gupta emperor, founder of Nalanda

Reigned c. 415–455 CE

Kumaragupta I, Mahendraditya, ruled the Gupta empire at its widest for forty peaceful years and, by the usual reading of Xuanzang, founded the first monastery at Nalanda. Trouble came only at the end, from the Pushyamitras and the Hunas.

01Kartikeya on the coins

Named after Kumara, Bhagwan Kartikeya, he struck gold coins showing the god riding his peacock, and on the other side the king feeding a peacock. He also issued horseman, elephant-rider, lion-slayer and rhinoceros-slayer types, and an Ashvamedha series, so he too performed the horse sacrifice. His inscriptions run from Bilsad in 415 CE to the Damodarpur copper plates of north Bengal, which show a working land office, with village headmen, scribes and the district officer approving each sale.

02Nalanda and the silk weavers

Xuanzang, who studied at Nalanda in the 630s, says its first monastery was built by a king Shakraditya; Shakra is Indra, as is Mahendra, and seals found at the site support reading him as Kumaragupta. At Mandsaur a guild of silk weavers who had migrated from Lata in Gujarat built a Sun temple in 436 CE, in his reign under the local king Bandhuvarman, and repaired it in 473; their long Sanskrit inscription by the poet Vatsabhatti still survives. At the end of his reign the Pushyamitra tribe rose and the Hunas pressed the north-west, and his son Skandagupta took the field.

Pataliputra
Place · Fortified by Ajatashatru, made capital by Udayin, 5th century BCEPataliputraCapital of Magadha, of the Nandas, the Mauryas and the Guptas, on the Ganga where the Son once joined it. Under modern Patna lie the timber palisade Megasthenes described and the pillared hall of the Mauryas.Read →