Destruction of Bakhtiyar Khalji’s army in Kamarupa

VictorKingdom of KamarupaThe king of Kamarupa (name not certain)
1206vs
SideBakhtiyar Khalji’s Turkic army from BengalMuhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji

A few years after he sacked Nalanda and Nadia, Bakhtiyar Khalji marched north-east through Kamarupa towards Tibet. He came back with almost nothing left of his army.

Date: 1206 CE (Saka 1127)Where: Kamarupa, near present Guwahati, AssamType: Campaign
Photo: Pinakpani · CC BY 4.0
Result

The invading army was cut to pieces on its retreat and only a handful of riders came back to Bengal.

01The march to Tibet

Minhaj-us-Siraj, who wrote in Delhi a generation later, says Bakhtiyar set out with about ten thousand horsemen. He crossed a great river by an old stone bridge of many arches, left men to guard it, and pushed into the hills. The hill people and the defenders of the passes wore his force down. When he turned back, the bridge had been broken. His men tried to swim the river and drowned in numbers. Minhaj puts the survivors at about a hundred. Bakhtiyar reached Devkot in Bengal a broken man and was killed there soon after.

02The rock that remembers

At North Guwahati, on a rock called Kanai Barashi Boa, a short Sanskrit line is cut in the stone. It records that in Saka 1127, on the thirteenth of Chaitra, the Turks who came into Kamarupa were destroyed. Saka 1127 falls in 1205–06 CE, which matches the Persian account. It is one of the very few places where the defenders’ own record of a victory over the early Turkish armies survives, written by the side that won.

Kamarupa
Dynasty · c. 350–1140 CE (Varman, Mlechchha and Pala houses)KamarupaKamarupa, the Pragjyotisha of the Mahabharata, was ruled by three houses in turn for about eight centuries. Its best-known king, Bhaskaravarman, was Harsha’s ally and the host of the pilgrim Xuanzang.Read →
Why it matters

The north-east stayed out of the Sultanate’s hands; no Delhi army held Kamarupa or the Brahmaputra valley in the centuries that followed.