Battle of the Hydaspes (Vitasta)

SidePaurava kingdomRaja Puru (Porus)
326 BCEvs
VictorMacedonian armyAlexander of Macedon

Raja Puru met Alexander on the Vitasta with war elephants in the monsoon of 326 BCE. He lost the battle, kept his kingdom, and within months Alexander’s army refused to march further east.

Date: 326 BCEWhere: Banks of the Jhelum, near Jhelum city, Punjab (Pakistan)Type: Battle
Photo: Charles Le Brun · Public domain
Result

Alexander won the field, but Puru kept his throne and gained more land as an ally.

01The night crossing

Puru held the far bank of the swollen river with his elephants, and for days Alexander could not cross. Arrian says he finally crossed upstream at night in a thunderstorm, leaving a force opposite Puru’s camp. Puru’s son rode out with chariots and was killed in the mud. In the main battle the elephants trampled Macedonian ranks before they were driven back. Puru, wounded and fighting from his elephant to the end, was brought before Alexander. Asked how he wished to be treated, he answered: like a king. Arrian records the reply.

02Halt at the Beas

Alexander returned Puru’s kingdom and added land to it. He went on to the Hyphasis, the Beas, and there his soldiers would go no further. Plutarch says the battle with Puru had blunted their nerve, and that word of the great armies of the Gangaridai and Prasii beyond, the Nanda realm of Magadha, finished it. Within a few years Chandragupta Maurya had cleared the Greek garrisons from the Punjab.

Raja Puru (Porus)
Person · Fought Alexander 326 BCE; killed c. 317 BCERaja Puru (Porus)The Greeks called him Poros; the name most likely stands for Paurava, a king of the old Puru line. In 326 BCE he met Alexander on the Jhelum with elephants and chariots, fought on after his army broke, and by Arrian’s account was left his kingdom, and more, by the man who beat him.Read →
Why it matters

It was the hardest battle Alexander fought in India, and the eastward march ended a few months after it.