इति मुण्डकोपनिषदि द्वितीयमुण्डके प्रथमः खण्डः
10 verses · 3 of 6
This is the truth: as thousands of sparks of like form fly from a blazing fire, so from the Imperishable many beings come forth and return to it. The Purusha is divine and formless, unborn, without breath or mind, pure, higher than the high Imperishable. From him are born breath, mind, the senses, space, air, light, water and the earth that holds all. Fire is his head, sun and moon his eyes, the directions his ears, the Vedas his speech, the wind his breath, the earth his feet. From him come the devas, men, cattle and birds, the seven breaths, the oceans, mountains, rivers and plants. The Purusha is all this: work, tapas and Brahman. He who knows him hidden in the heart cuts the knot of ignorance.
तदेतत् सत्यं
यथा सुदीप्तात् पावकाद्विस्फुलिङ्गाः
सहस्रशः प्रभवन्ते सरूपाः ।
तथाऽक्षराद्विविधाः सोम्य भावाः
प्रजायन्ते तत्र चैवापि यन्ति
tadetat satyaṃ
yathā sudīptāt pāvakādvisphuliṅgāḥ
sahasraśaḥ prabhavante sarūpāḥ |
tathā'kṣarādvividhāḥ somya bhāvāḥ
prajāyante tatra caivāpi yanti
This is the truth: as from a blazing fire sparks of like nature leap forth in thousands, so, dear one, from the Imperishable many kinds of beings are born, and into it they return.
दिव्यो ह्यमूर्तः पुरुषः स बाह्याभ्यन्तरो ह्यजः ।
अप्राणो ह्यमनाः शुभ्रो ह्यक्षरात् परतः परः
divyo hyamūrtaḥ puruṣaḥ sa bāhyābhyantaro hyajaḥ |
aprāṇo hyamanāḥ śubhro hyakṣarāt parataḥ paraḥ
Divine and formless is the Purusha, outside and within, unborn, without breath and without mind, pure, higher than the high Imperishable.
एतस्माज्जायते प्राणो मनः सर्वेन्द्रियाणि च ।
खं वायुर्ज्योतिरापः पृथिवी विश्वस्य धारिणी
etasmājjāyate prāṇo manaḥ sarvendriyāṇi ca |
khaṃ vāyurjyotirāpaḥ pṛthivī viśvasya dhāriṇī
From him are born prana, mind and all the senses, space, air, light, water, and the earth that upholds all.
अग्नीर्मूर्धा चक्षुषी चन्द्रसूर्यौ
दिशः श्रोत्रे वाग् विवृताश्च वेदाः ।
वायुः प्राणो हृदयं विश्वमस्य पद्भ्यां
पृथिवी ह्येष सर्वभूतान्तरात्मा
agnīrmūrdhā cakṣuṣī candrasūryau
diśaḥ śrotre vāg vivṛtāśca vedāḥ |
vāyuḥ prāṇo hṛdayaṃ viśvamasya padbhyāṃ
pṛthivī hyeṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā
Fire is his head, the moon and sun his eyes, the quarters his ears, the revealed Vedas his speech, wind his breath, the universe his heart; from his feet came the earth. He is the inner Self of all beings.
तस्मादग्निः समिधो यस्य सूर्यः
सोमात् पर्जन्य ओषधयः पृथिव्याम् ।
पुमान् रेतः सिञ्चति योषितायां
बह्वीः प्रजाः पुरुषात् संप्रसूताः
tasmādagniḥ samidho yasya sūryaḥ
somāt parjanya oṣadhayaḥ pṛthivyām |
pumān retaḥ siñcati yoṣitāyāṃ
bahvīḥ prajāḥ puruṣāt saṃprasūtāḥ
From him comes the fire whose fuel is the sun; from the moon comes the rain-cloud, and from rain the plants on earth. Man pours seed into woman; so many creatures are born from the Purusha.
तस्मादृचः साम यजूंषि दीक्षा
यज्ञाश्च सर्वे क्रतवो दक्षिणाश्च ।
संवत्सरश्च यजमानश्च लोकाः
सोमो यत्र पवते यत्र सूर्यः
tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā
yajñāśca sarve kratavo dakṣiṇāśca |
saṃvatsaraśca yajamānaśca lokāḥ
somo yatra pavate yatra sūryaḥ
From him come the Rig verses, the Sama chants, the Yajur formulas, initiation, all sacrifices and rites and gifts to priests, the year, the sacrificer, and the worlds where the moon purifies and the sun shines.
तस्माच्च देवा बहुधा संप्रसूताः
साध्या मनुष्याः पशवो वयांसि ।
प्राणापानौ व्रीहियवौ तपश्च
श्रद्ध सत्यं ब्रह्मचर्यं विधिश्च
tasmācca devā bahudhā saṃprasūtāḥ
sādhyā manuṣyāḥ paśavo vayāṃsi |
prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaśca
śraddha satyaṃ brahmacaryaṃ vidhiśca
From him the devas are born in many ways, the Sadhyas, men, beasts and birds, in-breath and out-breath, rice and barley, tapas, faith, truth, brahmacharya and right conduct.
सप्त प्राणाः प्रभवन्ति तस्मात्
सप्तार्चिषः समिधः सप्त होमाः ।
सप्त इमे लोका येषु चरन्ति प्राणा
गुहाशया निहिताः सप्त सप्त
sapta prāṇāḥ prabhavanti tasmāt
saptārciṣaḥ samidhaḥ sapta homāḥ |
sapta ime lokā yeṣu caranti prāṇā
guhāśayā nihitāḥ sapta sapta
From him come the seven pranas (the senses of the head), the seven flames, the seven fuels, the seven offerings, and these seven worlds in which the pranas move, placed in the cave of the heart, seven by seven.
अतः समुद्रा गिरयश्च सर्वेऽस्मात्
स्यन्दन्ते सिन्धवः सर्वरूपाः ।
अतश्च सर्वा ओषधयो रसश्च
येनैष भूतैस्तिष्ठते ह्यन्तरात्मा
ataḥ samudrā girayaśca sarve'smāt
syandante sindhavaḥ sarvarūpāḥ |
ataśca sarvā oṣadhayo rasaśca
yenaiṣa bhūtaistiṣṭhate hyantarātmā
From him come all the seas and mountains; from him flow rivers of every kind. From him come all plants and their sap, by which the inner Self dwells among the elements.
पुरुष एवेदं विश्वं कर्म तपो ब्रह्म परामृतम् ।
एतद्यो वेद निहितं गुहायां
सोऽविद्याग्रन्थिं विकिरतीह सोम्य
puruṣa evedaṃ viśvaṃ karma tapo brahma parāmṛtam |
etadyo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ
so'vidyāgranthiṃ vikiratīha somya
The Purusha alone is all this: work, tapas, Brahman, the supreme and deathless. Dear one, he who knows this, hidden in the cave of the heart, cuts asunder here the knot of ignorance.
1. This is the truth. As from a blazing fire sparks, being like unto fire, fly forth a thousandfold, thus are various beings brought forth from the Imperishable, my friend, and return thither also.
2. That heavenly Person is without body, he is both without and within, not produced, without breath and without mind, pure, higher than the high Imperishable.
3. From him (when entering on creation) is born breath, mind, and all organs of sense, ether, air, light, water, and the earth, the support of all.
4. Fire (the sky) is his head, his eyes the sun and the moon, the quarters his ears, his speech the Vedas disclosed, the wind his breath, his heart the universe; from his feet came the earth; he is indeed the inner Self of all things.
5. From him comes Agni (fire), the sun being the fuel; from the moon (Soma) comes rain (Parganya); from the earth herbs; and man gives seed unto the woman. Thus many beings are begotten from the Person (purusha).
6. From him come the Rik, the Sâman, the Yagush, the Dîkshâ (initiatory rites), all sacrifices and offerings of animals, and the fees bestowed on priests, the year too, the sacrificer, and the worlds, in which the moon shines brightly and the sun.
7. From him the many Devas too are begotten, the Sâdhyas (genii), men, cattle, birds, the up and down breathings, rice and corn (for sacrifices), penance, faith, truth, abstinence, and law.
8. The seven senses (prâna) also spring from him, the seven lights (acts of sensation), the seven kinds of fuel (objects by which the senses are lighted), the seven sacrifices (results of sensation), these seven worlds (the places of the senses, the worlds determined by the senses) in which the senses move, which rest in the cave (of the heart), and are placed there seven and seven.
9. Hence come the seas and all the mountains, from him flow the rivers of every kind; hence come all herbs and the juice through which the inner Self subsists with the elements.
10. The Person is all this, sacrifice, penance, Brahman, the highest immortal; he who knows this hidden in the cave (of the heart), he, O friend, scatters the knot of ignorance here on earth.
Public-domain translation by F. Max Müller (1884).
Text source: Wikisource · CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikisource transcription of a public-domain text)
