Battle of Amritsar

VictorSikhs of Guru HargobindGuru Hargobind
1634vs
SideMughal force from LahoreMukhlis Khan

The first battle fought by the Sikh Gurus against the Mughal state. It began, Sikh tradition says, over a royal hawk that Sikhs out hunting refused to give up.

Date: 1634 CE (some accounts give 1629)Where: Amritsar, PunjabType: Battle
Photo: Felice Beato · Public domain
Result

The Mughal force was beaten and Mukhlis Khan was killed.

01Miri and piri

After the martyrdom of his father Guru Arjan Dev in 1606, Guru Hargobind wore two swords, one for miri, worldly authority, and one for piri, spiritual authority. He raised the Akal Takht facing the Harmandir Sahib and kept armed Sikhs and horses. When Mughal troops came to Amritsar, the Sikhs met them outside the town and drove them off; their commander Mukhlis Khan fell in the fighting.

02What followed

The Guru fought three more battles with Mughal forces in the next few years, at Hargobindpur, Gurusar and Kartarpur, before settling at Kiratpur in the Shivalik hills. The exact year of the Amritsar fight differs between the Sikh sources; most modern histories give 1634. The Dabistan-i-Mazahib, written by a contemporary who knew the Sikhs, notes the Guru’s soldiers and his wars with the Mughal officials.

Why it matters

The beginning of Sikh armed resistance, which Guru Gobind Singh and Banda Singh Bahadur would carry much further.