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Scientist

Varahamihira

Astronomer of Ujjain, author of the Brihat Samhita

6th century CE; died 587 CE (per Amaraja)

Varahamihira of Ujjain summarised five earlier astronomical systems in the Pancha Siddhantika and gathered the knowledge of his age, from rainfall to temple building to gems, in the Brihat Samhita. He is counted among the nine gems of Vikramaditya’s court.

01Five siddhantas in one book

He was the son of Adityadasa and was trained at Kapitthaka, he tells us, before settling in Avanti. The Pancha Siddhantika takes the Paulisha, Romaka, Vasishtha, Saura and Paitamaha siddhantas and sets out how each computes the planets, with 505 CE (Shaka 427) as the epoch from which its reckoning starts. Without it, much of what those older systems taught would be lost. He counts the Saura, the system of the Surya Siddhanta, as the most accurate.

02The Brihat Samhita

The Brihat Samhita runs to over a hundred chapters and reads like an encyclopaedia of the 6th century. It explains how to forecast rain from the signs of the months, how to find groundwater by the trees and termite mounds above it, how to choose a site and lay out a temple and an image, how to test gems, make a strong mortar (vajralepa), and judge horses, elephants and swords. His Brihat Jataka is still a standard text of Hindu horoscopy. The commentator Amaraja recorded that he died in 587 CE.

Kitab al-Hind of Al-Biruni
Evidence · c. 1030 CEKitab al-Hind of Al-BiruniA study of Hindu learning by a foreign scholar: philosophy, the Gita, Patanjali, astronomy, the calendar, the Puranas, weights and measures and customs.Read →