Photo: Ms Sarah Welch · CC0
Queen

Prabhavatigupta

Gupta princess, Vakataka queen and regent

Regent of the Vakatakas from c. 390 CE

Prabhavatigupta, daughter of Chandragupta II and the Naga princess Kuberanaga, married the Vakataka king Rudrasena II. Widowed young, she governed the Vakataka kingdom for her minor sons, and her own copper-plate grants are among the best records of the Gupta–Vakataka alliance.

01A Gupta daughter in the Deccan

The marriage tied the Gupta empire to the Vakatakas, who held the Deccan south of the Narmada, at the time Chandragupta II was moving against the Shaka Kshatrapas of Malwa and Gujarat. Rudrasena II died after a short reign, and Prabhavatigupta ruled as regent for her son Divakarasena. Her Poona plates, issued from the Vakataka capital Nandivardhana in the thirteenth year of that regency, open with the genealogy of her father’s house, the Guptas, before naming her husband’s. In excavations at Nagardhan near Ramtek, the site of Nandivardhana, archaeologists of Deccan College found a clay sealing bearing her name.

02At the feet of Ramagiri

Her inscriptions call her a devoted worshipper of Bhagavat, that is Vishnu. Her later Riddhapur plates, issued when her son Pravarasena II was on the throne, were granted from the feet of the Lord of Ramagiri, the hill now called Ramtek, where Vakataka-age temples of Vishnu, among them the Kevala Narasimha shrine, still stand. Pravarasena II is remembered as the author of the Prakrit poem Setubandha on Shri Rama’s bridge to Lanka. Prabhavatigupta’s grants are rare direct records of a woman governing a major Indian kingdom.

Vakataka dynasty
Dynasty · c. 250–500 CEVakataka dynastyThe Vakatakas, brahmana kings of the Vishnuvriddha gotra, ruled the Deccan beside the Guptas and married into them. Pravarasena I performed four Ashvamedhas; Pravarasena II wrote the Prakrit Setubandha; and under Harishena of the Vatsagulma branch the finest caves of Ajanta were cut.Read →