Chapter 3: Bhrigu Valli: Bhrigu learns Brahman from Varuna

भृगुर्वै वारुणिः । वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तस्मा एतत्प्रोवाच । अन्नं प्राणं चक्षुः श्रोत्रं मनो वाचमिति ।
तँ होवाच । यतो वा इमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । येन जातानि जीवन्ति । यत्प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्ति । तद्विजिज्ञासस्व । तद् ब्रह्मेति ।
स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा

bhṛgurvai vāruṇiḥ | varuṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti | tasmā etatprovāca | annaṃ prāṇaṃ cakṣuḥ śrotraṃ mano vācamiti |
tam̐ hovāca | yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante | yena jātāni jīvanti | yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti | tadvijijñāsasva | tad brahmeti |
sa tapo'tapyata | sa tapastaptvā

Bhrigu, son of Varuna, went to his father Varuna and said: Teach me Brahman, revered sir. Varuna named for him food, prana, the eye, the ear, the mind and speech, and said: That from which these beings are born, by which once born they live, and into which they pass and merge at death, seek to know that. That is Brahman. Bhrigu performed tapas, and having performed it,

अन्नं ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । अन्नाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । अन्नेन जातानि जीवन्ति । अन्नं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति ।
तद्विज्ञाय । पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति स तपोऽतप्यत ।
स तपस्तप्त्वा

annaṃ brahmeti vyajānāt | annāddhyeva khalvimāni bhūtāni jāyante | annena jātāni jīvanti | annaṃ prayantyabhisaṃviśantīti |
tadvijñāya | punareva varuṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti | tam̐ hovāca | tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva | tapo brahmeti sa tapo'tapyata |
sa tapastaptvā

he came to know that food is Brahman. For from food these beings are born, by food they live, and into food they pass and merge. Knowing this, he went again to his father Varuna and said: Teach me Brahman, revered sir. Varuna said: Seek to know Brahman by tapas, for tapas is Brahman. He performed tapas, and having performed it,

प्राणो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । प्राणाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । प्राणेन जातानि जीवन्ति । प्राणं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति ।
तद्विज्ञाय पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति ।
स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा

prāṇo brahmeti vyajānāt | prāṇāddhyeva khalvimāni bhūtāni jāyante | prāṇena jātāni jīvanti | prāṇaṃ prayantyabhisaṃviśantīti |
tadvijñāya punareva varuṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti | tam̐ hovāca | tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva | tapo brahmeti |
sa tapo'tapyata | sa tapastaptvā

he came to know that prana is Brahman. For from prana these beings are born, by prana they live, and into prana they pass and merge. Knowing this, he went again to his father Varuna: Teach me Brahman, revered sir. Varuna said: Seek to know Brahman by tapas, for tapas is Brahman. He performed tapas, and having performed it,

मनो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । मनसो ह्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । मनसा जातानि जीवन्ति । मनः प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति ।
तद्विज्ञाय । पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति ।
स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा

mano brahmeti vyajānāt | manaso hyeva khalvimāni bhūtāni jāyante | manasā jātāni jīvanti | manaḥ prayantyabhisaṃviśantīti |
tadvijñāya | punareva varuṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti | tam̐ hovāca | tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva | tapo brahmeti |
sa tapo'tapyata | sa tapastaptvā

he came to know that mind is Brahman. For from mind these beings are born, by mind they live, and into mind they pass and merge. Knowing this, he went again to his father Varuna: Teach me Brahman, revered sir. Varuna said: Seek to know Brahman by tapas, for tapas is Brahman. He performed tapas, and having performed it,

विज्ञानं ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । विज्ञानाद्ध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । विज्ञानेन जातानि जीवन्ति । विज्ञानं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति ।
तद्विज्ञाय पुनरेव वरुणं पितरमुपससार । अधीहि भगवो ब्रह्मेति । तँ होवाच । तपसा ब्रह्म विजिज्ञासस्व । तपो ब्रह्मेति ।
स तपोऽतप्यत । स तपस्तप्त्वा

vijñānaṃ brahmeti vyajānāt | vijñānāddhyeva khalvimāni bhūtāni jāyante | vijñānena jātāni jīvanti | vijñānaṃ prayantyabhisaṃviśantīti |
tadvijñāya punareva varuṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti | tam̐ hovāca | tapasā brahma vijijñāsasva | tapo brahmeti |
sa tapo'tapyata | sa tapastaptvā

he came to know that understanding, vijnana, is Brahman. For from understanding these beings are born, by understanding they live, and into understanding they pass and merge. Knowing this, he went again to his father Varuna: Teach me Brahman, revered sir. Varuna said: Seek to know Brahman by tapas, for tapas is Brahman. He performed tapas, and having performed it,

आनन्दो ब्रह्मेति व्यजानात् । आनन्दाध्येव खल्विमानि भूतानि जायन्ते । आनन्देन जातानि जीवन्ति । आनन्दं प्रयन्त्यभिसंविशन्तीति ।
सैषा भार्गवी वारुणी विद्या । परमे व्योमन्प्रतिष्ठिता । स य एवं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या

ānando brahmeti vyajānāt | ānandādhyeva khalvimāni bhūtāni jāyante | ānandena jātāni jīvanti | ānandaṃ prayantyabhisaṃviśantīti |
saiṣā bhārgavī vāruṇī vidyā | parame vyomanpratiṣṭhitā | sa ya evaṃ veda pratitiṣṭhati | annavānannādo bhavati | mahānbhavati prajayā paśubhirbrahmavarcasena mahān kīrtyā

he came to know that bliss, ananda, is Brahman. For from bliss these beings are born, by bliss they live, and into bliss they pass and merge. This is the knowledge taught by Varuna and gained by Bhrigu, established in the highest space. Whoever knows this stands firm. He has food and the strength to enjoy it; he becomes great in offspring, cattle and the light of sacred learning, and great in fame.

अन्नं न निन्द्यात् । तद्व्रतम् । प्राणो वा अन्नम् । शरीरमन्नादम् । प्राणे शरीरं प्रतिष्ठितम् । शरीरे प्राणः प्रतिष्ठितः । तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या

annaṃ na nindyāt | tadvratam | prāṇo vā annam | śarīramannādam | prāṇe śarīraṃ pratiṣṭhitam | śarīre prāṇaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ | tadetadannamanne pratiṣṭhitam |
sa ya etadannamanne pratiṣṭhitaṃ veda pratitiṣṭhati | annavānannādo bhavati | mahānbhavati prajayā paśubhirbrahmavarcasena mahān kīrtyā

Do not speak ill of food: that is the vow. Prana is food, the body is the eater of food. The body rests on prana, and prana rests on the body. So food rests on food. Whoever knows that food rests on food stands firm. He has food and the strength to enjoy it; he becomes great in offspring, cattle and sacred lustre, and great in fame.

अन्नं न परिचक्षीत । तद्व्रतम् । आपो वा अन्नम् । ज्योतिरन्नादम् । अप्सु ज्योतिः प्रतिष्ठितम् । ज्योतिष्यापः प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् । स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान् कीर्त्या
अन्नं न परिचक्षीत न परिहरेत् । तद्व्रतं पूर्ववत्स्तुत्यर्थम् । तदेवं शुभाशुभकल्पनया अपरिह्यीयमाणं स्तुतं महीकृतमन्नं स्यात् । एवं यतोक्तमुत्तरेष्वपि आपो वा अन्नम् इत्यादिषु योजयेत् ॥

annaṃ na paricakṣīta | tadvratam | āpo vā annam | jyotirannādam | apsu jyotiḥ pratiṣṭhitam | jyotiṣyāpaḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ |
tadetadannamanne pratiṣṭhitam | sa ya etadannamanne pratiṣṭhitaṃ veda pratitiṣṭhati | annavānannādo bhavati | mahānbhavati prajayā paśubhirbrahmavarcasena mahān kīrtyā
annaṃ na paricakṣīta na pariharet | tadvrataṃ pūrvavatstutyartham | tadevaṃ śubhāśubhakalpanayā aparihyīyamāṇaṃ stutaṃ mahīkṛtamannaṃ syāt | evaṃ yatoktamuttareṣvapi āpo vā annam ityādiṣu yojayet ||

Do not reject food: that is the vow. Water is food, fire is the eater of food. Fire rests on water, and water rests on fire. So food rests on food. Whoever knows that food rests on food stands firm. He has food and the strength to enjoy it; he becomes great in offspring, cattle and sacred lustre, and great in fame.

अन्नं बहु कुर्वीत । तद्व्रतम् । पृथिवी वा अन्नम् । आकाशोऽन्नादः । पृथिव्यामाकाशः प्रतिष्ठितः । आकाशे पृथिवी प्रतिष्ठिता ।
तदेतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् । स य एतदन्नमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितं वेद प्रतितिष्ठति । अन्नवानन्नादो भवति । महान्भवति प्रजया पशुभिर्ब्रह्मवर्चसेन महान्कीर्त्या
अप्सु ज्योतिः इत्यब्ज्योतिषोरन्नान्नादगुणत्वेनोपासकस्य अन्नस्य बहुकरणं व्रतम् ॥

annaṃ bahu kurvīta | tadvratam | pṛthivī vā annam | ākāśo'nnādaḥ | pṛthivyāmākāśaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ | ākāśe pṛthivī pratiṣṭhitā |
tadetadannamanne pratiṣṭhitam | sa ya etadannamanne pratiṣṭhitaṃ veda pratitiṣṭhati | annavānannādo bhavati | mahānbhavati prajayā paśubhirbrahmavarcasena mahānkīrtyā
apsu jyotiḥ ityabjyotiṣorannānnādaguṇatvenopāsakasya annasya bahukaraṇaṃ vratam ||

Make food plentiful: that is the vow. Earth is food, space is the eater of food. Space rests on earth, and earth rests on space. So food rests on food. Whoever knows that food rests on food stands firm. He has food and the strength to enjoy it; he becomes great in offspring, cattle and sacred lustre, and great in fame.

न कञ्चन वसतौ प्रत्याचक्षीत । तद्व्रतम् । तस्माद्यया कया च विधया बह्वन्नं प्राप्नुयात् । अराध्यस्मा अन्नमित्याचक्षते ।
एतद्वै मुखतोऽन्नँराद्धम् । मुखतोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते । एतद्वै मध्यतोऽन्नँराद्धम् । मध्यतोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते । एदद्वा अन्ततोऽन्नँराद्धम् ।
अन्ततोऽस्मा अन्नँराध्यते

na kañcana vasatau pratyācakṣīta | tadvratam | tasmādyayā kayā ca vidhayā bahvannaṃ prāpnuyāt | arādhyasmā annamityācakṣate |
etadvai mukhato'nnam̐rāddham | mukhato'smā annam̐rādhyate | etadvai madhyato'nnam̐rāddham | madhyato'smā annam̐rādhyate | edadvā antato'nnam̐rāddham |
antato'smā annam̐rādhyate

Turn no one away who comes to your house for shelter: that is the vow. So gather much food by whatever means, and tell the guest, food is ready for you. Food prepared and given at the start of life returns to the giver at the start; given in the middle, it returns in the middle; given at the end, it returns at the end.

य एवं वेद । क्षेम इति वाचि । योगक्षेम इति प्राणापानयोः । कर्मेति हस्तयोः । गतिरिति पादयोः । विमुक्तिरिति पायौ ।
इति मानुषीः समाज्ञाः । अथ दैवीः । तृप्तिरिति वृष्टौ । बलमिति विद्युति

ya evaṃ veda | kṣema iti vāci | yogakṣema iti prāṇāpānayoḥ | karmeti hastayoḥ | gatiriti pādayoḥ | vimuktiriti pāyau |
iti mānuṣīḥ samājñāḥ | atha daivīḥ | tṛptiriti vṛṣṭau | balamiti vidyuti

for him who knows this. Brahman is to be worshipped as preservation in speech, as gaining and keeping in the in-breath and out-breath, as action in the hands, as movement in the feet, as release in the organ of excretion. These are the human meditations. Now the divine ones: as satisfaction in rain, as strength in lightning,

यश इति पशुषु । ज्योतिरिति नक्षत्रेषु । प्रजातिरमृतमानन्द इत्युपस्थे । सर्वमित्याकाशे । तत्प्रतिष्ठेत्युपासीत । प्रतिष्ठावान् भवति ।
तन्मह इत्युपासीत । महान्भवति । तन्मन इत्युपासीत । मानवान्भवति

yaśa iti paśuṣu | jyotiriti nakṣatreṣu | prajātiramṛtamānanda ityupasthe | sarvamityākāśe | tatpratiṣṭhetyupāsīta | pratiṣṭhāvān bhavati |
tanmaha ityupāsīta | mahānbhavati | tanmana ityupāsīta | mānavānbhavati

as fame in cattle, as light in the stars, as procreation, immortality and joy in the organ of generation, and as all in space. Worship it as the support, and one gains support. Worship it as the great, and one becomes great. Worship it as mind, and one becomes thoughtful.

तन्नम इत्युपासीत । नम्यन्तेऽस्मै कामाः । तद्ब्रह्मेत्युपासीत । ब्रह्मवान्भवति । तद्ब्रह्मणः परिमर इत्युपासीत ।
पर्येण म्रियन्ते द्विषन्तः सपत्नाः । परि येऽप्रिया भ्रातृव्याः । स यश्चायं पुरुषे । यश्चासावादित्ये । स एकः

tannama ityupāsīta | namyante'smai kāmāḥ | tadbrahmetyupāsīta | brahmavānbhavati | tadbrahmaṇaḥ parimara ityupāsīta |
paryeṇa mriyante dviṣantaḥ sapatnāḥ | pari ye'priyā bhrātṛvyāḥ | sa yaścāyaṃ puruṣe | yaścāsāvāditye | sa ekaḥ

Worship it as reverence, and desires bow down to him. Worship it as Brahman, and he possesses Brahman. Worship it as the dying-around of Brahman, and his hateful rivals die around him, and so do the kinsmen who wish him ill. He who is in man and he who is in the sun are one.

स य एवंवित् । अस्माल्लोकात्प्रेत्य । एतमन्नमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतं प्राणमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतं मनोमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य ।
एतं विज्ञानमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । एतमानन्दमयमात्मानमुपसङ्क्रम्य । इमाँल्लोकन्कामान्नी कामरूप्यनुसञ्चरन् ।
एतत् साम गायन्नास्ते । हा ३ वु हा ३ वु हा ३ वु

sa ya evaṃvit | asmāllokātpretya | etamannamayamātmānamupasaṅkramya | etaṃ prāṇamayamātmānamupasaṅkramya | etaṃ manomayamātmānamupasaṅkramya |
etaṃ vijñānamayamātmānamupasaṅkramya | etamānandamayamātmānamupasaṅkramya | imām̐llokankāmānnī kāmarūpyanusañcaran |
etat sāma gāyannāste | hā 3 vu hā 3 vu hā 3 vu

He who knows this, on leaving this world, passes through the self made of food, the self made of prana, the self made of mind, the self made of understanding and the self made of bliss. Then he moves through these worlds, eating what he wishes and taking what form he wishes, and sits singing this chant: Ha-a-vu, ha-a-vu, ha-a-vu!

अहमन्नमहमन्नमहमन्नम् । अहमन्नादो३ऽहमन्नादो३ऽअहमन्नादः । अहँश्लोककृदहँश्लोककृदहँश्लोककृत् । अहमस्मि प्रथमजा ऋता३स्य ।
पूर्वं देवेभ्योऽमृतस्य ना३भायि । यो मा ददाति स इदेव मा३ऽऽवाः । अहमन्नमन्नमदन्तमा३द्मि । अहं विश्वं भुवनमभ्यभवा३म् ।
सुवर्णज्योतीः । य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत्
ॐ सह नाववतु । सह नौ भुनक्तु । सह वीर्यं करवावहै । तेजस्वि नावधीतमस्तु मा विद्विषावहै ।

ahamannamahamannamahamannam | ahamannādo3'hamannādo3'ahamannādaḥ | aham̐ślokakṛdaham̐ślokakṛdaham̐ślokakṛt | ahamasmi prathamajā ṛtā3sya |
pūrvaṃ devebhyo'mṛtasya nā3bhāyi | yo mā dadāti sa ideva mā3''vāḥ | ahamannamannamadantamā3dmi | ahaṃ viśvaṃ bhuvanamabhyabhavā3m |
suvarṇajyotīḥ | ya evaṃ veda | ityupaniṣat
oṃ saha nāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṃ karavāvahai | tejasvi nāvadhītamastu mā vidviṣāvahai |

I am food, I am food, I am food! I am the eater of food, the eater of food, the eater of food! I am the maker of the verse, I am the maker of the verse! I am the first-born of the cosmic order, before the devas, the navel of immortality. Whoever gives me, he indeed saves me. I, food, eat the eater of food. I have overcome the whole world. My light is golden like the sun. He who knows this attains all this. Such is the Upanishad. Om. May He protect us both, nourish us both; may we work together with vigour; may our study be bright; may we not hate each other.