Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

Chapter 5: Purnam adah and the voice of thunder

इति पञ्चदशं ब्राह्मणम् ॥

30 verses · 5 of 6

What happens in this chapter

Purnam adah and the voice of thunder

The adhyaya opens with the peace verse: that is full, this is full; from the full the full arises, and when the full is taken from the full, the full remains. Devas, men and asuras go to their father Prajapati to learn, and to each he says the single syllable Da. The devas understand damyata, be self-controlled; men, datta, give; the asuras, dayadhvam, be compassionate. The divine voice of thunder repeats it: Da, Da, Da. Then come short meditations: the heart, truth, the person in the sun and the eye, lightning, the fire within, illness as the highest tapas, and the Gayatri. It closes with the dying man's prayer to Pushan to uncover the face of truth and to Agni to lead him by the good path.

5.1.1

अथ पञ्चमोऽध्यायः ।
प्रथमं ब्राह्मणम् । (शांतिब्राह्मणम्)
पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदं पूर्णात्पूर्णमुदच्यते ।
पूर्णस्य पूर्णमादाय पूर्णमेवावशिष्यते ।
खं ब्रह्म ।
खं पुराणम् ।
वायुरं खम् ।
इति ह स्माह कौरव्यायणीपुत्रः ।
वेदोऽयं ब्राह्मणा विदुः ।
वेदैनेन यद्वेदितव्यम्

atha pañcamo'dhyāyaḥ |
prathamaṃ brāhmaṇam | (śāṃtibrāhmaṇam)
pūrṇamadaḥ pūrṇamidaṃ pūrṇātpūrṇamudacyate |
pūrṇasya pūrṇamādāya pūrṇamevāvaśiṣyate |
khaṃ brahma |
khaṃ purāṇam |
vāyuraṃ kham |
iti ha smāha kauravyāyaṇīputraḥ |
vedo'yaṃ brāhmaṇā viduḥ |
vedainena yadveditavyam

That is full; this is full. From the full, the full comes forth. Taking the full from the full, the full alone remains. Om. Brahman is kha, space. The ancient space is the one where the wind blows, said the son of Kauravyayani. This Om is the Veda, the knowledge, so the brahmanas know, for by it one knows all that is to be known.

5.2.1

(दमदानदयेति त्रिकोपदेशब्राह्मणम्)
त्रयाः प्राजापत्याः प्रजापतौ पितरि ब्रह्मचर्यमूषुः ।
देवा मनुष्या असुराः ।
उषित्वा ब्रह्मचर्यं देवा ऊचुर्ब्रवीतु नो भवानिति ।
तेभ्यो हैतदक्षरमुवाच द इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्टा३ इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्मेति होचुः ।
दाम्यतेति न आत्थेति ।
ओमिति होवाच व्यज्ञासिष्टेति

(damadānadayeti trikopadeśabrāhmaṇam)
trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryamūṣuḥ |
devā manuṣyā asurāḥ |
uṣitvā brahmacaryaṃ devā ūcurbravītu no bhavāniti |
tebhyo haitadakṣaramuvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
dāmyateti na āttheti |
omiti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti

The three kinds of Prajapati's offspring, the devas, men and asuras, lived as brahmacharis with their father Prajapati. When their study was done, the devas said, "Teach us, revered one." He spoke the single syllable "Da" and asked, "Have you understood?" They said, "We have understood. You told us, damyata, control yourselves." "Om," he said, "you have understood."

5.2.2

अथ हैनं मनुष्या ऊचुर्ब्रवीतु नो भवानिति ।
तेभ्यो हैतदेवाक्षरमुवाच द इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्टा३ इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्मेति होचुः ।
दत्तेति न आत्थेति ।
ओमिति होवाच व्यज्ञासिष्टेति

atha hainaṃ manuṣyā ūcurbravītu no bhavāniti |
tebhyo haitadevākṣaramuvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
datteti na āttheti |
omiti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti

Then the men said to him, "Teach us, revered one." To them he spoke the same syllable "Da" and asked, "Have you understood?" They said, "We have understood. You told us, datta, give." "Om," he said, "you have understood."

5.2.3

अथ हैनमसुरा ऊचुर्ब्रवीतु नो भवानिति ।
तेभ्यो हैतदेवाक्षरमुवाच द इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्टा३ इति ।
व्यज्ञासिष्मेति होचुः ।
दयध्वमिति न आत्थेति ।
ओमिति होवाच व्यज्ञासिष्टेति ।
तदेतदेवैषा दैवी वागनुवदति स्तनयित्नुर्द द द इति ।
दम्यत दत्त दयध्वमिति ।
तदेतत्त्रयं शिक्षेद्दमं दानं दयामिति

atha hainamasurā ūcurbravītu no bhavāniti |
tebhyo haitadevākṣaramuvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
dayadhvamiti na āttheti |
omiti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti |
tadetadevaiṣā daivī vāganuvadati stanayitnurda da da iti |
damyata datta dayadhvamiti |
tadetattrayaṃ śikṣeddamaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

Then the asuras said to him, "Teach us, revered one." To them too he spoke the syllable "Da" and asked, "Have you understood?" They said, "We have understood. You told us, dayadhvam, be compassionate." "Om," he said, "you have understood." The divine voice of the thunder repeats this very teaching, "Da, da, da": control yourselves, give, be compassionate. One should learn these three, self-control, giving and compassion.

5.3.1

एष प्रजापतिर्यद्धृदयम् ।
एतद्ब्रह्म ।
एतत्सर्वम् ।
तदेतत्त्र्यक्षरं हृदयमिति ।
हृ इत्येकमक्षरम् ।
अभिहरन्त्यस्मै स्वाश्चान्ये च य एवं वेद ।
द इत्येकमक्षरम् ।
ददत्यस्मै स्वाश्चान्ये च य एवं वेद ।
यमित्येकमक्षरम् ।
एति स्वर्गं लोकं य एवं वेद

eṣa prajāpatiryaddhṛdayam |
etadbrahma |
etatsarvam |
tadetattryakṣaraṃ hṛdayamiti |
hṛ ityekamakṣaram |
abhiharantyasmai svāścānye ca ya evaṃ veda |
da ityekamakṣaram |
dadatyasmai svāścānye ca ya evaṃ veda |
yamityekamakṣaram |
eti svargaṃ lokaṃ ya evaṃ veda

The heart is Prajapati. It is Brahman; it is all. The word hridaya has three syllables. Hri is one: to him who knows this, his own people and others bring offerings (abhiharanti). Da is one: to him who knows this, his own people and others give (dadati). Yam is one: he who knows this goes (eti) to the heavenly world.

5.4.1

(हृदयब्रह्मणः सत्यमित्युपासनाविधिब्राह्मणम् )
तद्वै तदेतदेव तदास ।
सत्यमेव ।
स यो हैतं महद्यक्षं प्रथमजं वेद सत्यं ब्रह्मेति जयतीमांल्लोकान् जित इन्न्वसावसत् य एवमेतन्महद्यक्षं प्रथमजं वेद सत्यं ब्रह्मेति ।
सत्यं ह्येव ब्रह्म

(hṛdayabrahmaṇaḥ satyamityupāsanāvidhibrāhmaṇam )
tadvai tadetadeva tadāsa |
satyameva |
sa yo haitaṃ mahadyakṣaṃ prathamajaṃ veda satyaṃ brahmeti jayatīmāṃllokān jita innvasāvasat ya evametanmahadyakṣaṃ prathamajaṃ veda satyaṃ brahmeti |
satyaṃ hyeva brahma

That heart was indeed this, it was the Real (satya). Whoever knows this great, adorable being, the first-born, as "Satya is Brahman" conquers these worlds. How could his enemy be anything but conquered and gone, for one who knows this great first-born being as "Satya is Brahman"? For Satya alone is Brahman.

5.5.1

(सत्यस्य ब्रह्मणः स्तुतिब्राह्मणम् )
आप एवेदमग्र आसुः ।
ता आपः सत्यमसृजन्त ।
सत्यं ब्रह्म ।
ब्रह्म प्रजापतिम् ।
प्रजापतिर्देवान् ।
ते देवाः सत्यमेवोपासते ।
तदेतत्त्र्यक्षरं सतियमिति स इत्येकमक्षरम् ।
तीत्येकमक्षरम् ।
यमित्येकमक्षरम् ।
प्रथमोत्तमे अक्षरे सत्यं मध्यतोऽनृतम् ।
तदेतदनृतमुभयतः सत्येन परिगृहीतम् ।
सत्यभूयमेव भवति ।
नैवंविद्वांसमनृतं हिनस्ति

(satyasya brahmaṇaḥ stutibrāhmaṇam )
āpa evedamagra āsuḥ |
tā āpaḥ satyamasṛjanta |
satyaṃ brahma |
brahma prajāpatim |
prajāpatirdevān |
te devāḥ satyamevopāsate |
tadetattryakṣaraṃ satiyamiti sa ityekamakṣaram |
tītyekamakṣaram |
yamityekamakṣaram |
prathamottame akṣare satyaṃ madhyato'nṛtam |
tadetadanṛtamubhayataḥ satyena parigṛhītam |
satyabhūyameva bhavati |
naivaṃvidvāṃsamanṛtaṃ hinasti

In the beginning this was water alone. The waters brought forth Satya, the Real. Satya brought forth Brahman, Brahman brought forth Prajapati, Prajapati the devas. The devas worship Satya alone. Satya has three syllables, sa, ti and yam. The first and last are truth; the middle is untruth. Untruth is held on both sides by truth, so truth prevails. Untruth does not harm one who knows this.

5.5.2

तद्यत्तत्सत्यमसौ स आदित्यः ।
य एष एतस्मिन्मण्डले पुरुषो यश्चायं दक्षिणेऽक्षन् पुरुषस्तावेतावन्योऽन्यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठितौ ।
रश्मिभिरेषोऽस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठितः प्राणैरयममुष्मिन् ।
स यदोत्क्रमिष्यन् भवति शुद्धमेवैतन्मण्डलं पश्यति ।
नैनमेते रश्मयः प्रत्यायन्ति

tadyattatsatyamasau sa ādityaḥ |
ya eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣo yaścāyaṃ dakṣiṇe'kṣan puruṣastāvetāvanyo'nyasmin pratiṣṭhitau |
raśmibhireṣo'smin pratiṣṭhitaḥ prāṇairayamamuṣmin |
sa yadotkramiṣyan bhavati śuddhamevaitanmaṇḍalaṃ paśyati |
nainamete raśmayaḥ pratyāyanti

That Satya is the sun yonder. The Purusha in that orb and the Purusha in the right eye rest on each other: the one rests on this through its rays, this one on that through the pranas. When a man is about to depart, he sees that orb clear, and those rays no longer come to him.

5.5.3

य एष एतस्मिन्मण्डले पुरुषस्तस्य भूरिति शिरः ।
एकं शिर एकमेतदक्षरम् ।
भुव इति बाहू ।
द्वौ बाहू द्वे एते अक्षरे ।
स्वरिति प्रतिष्ठा ।
द्वे प्रतिष्ठे द्वे एते अक्षरे ।
तस्योपनिषदहरिति ।
हन्ति पाप्मानं जहाति च य एवं वेद

ya eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣastasya bhūriti śiraḥ |
ekaṃ śira ekametadakṣaram |
bhuva iti bāhū |
dvau bāhū dve ete akṣare |
svariti pratiṣṭhā |
dve pratiṣṭhe dve ete akṣare |
tasyopaniṣadahariti |
hanti pāpmānaṃ jahāti ca ya evaṃ veda

Of the Purusha in the solar orb, bhuh is the head, for there is one head and this is one syllable. Bhuvah is the arms, for there are two arms and two syllables. Svah is the feet, for there are two feet and two syllables. His secret name is ahar, day. He who knows this strikes down (hanti) evil and leaves (jahati) it behind.

5.5.4

योऽयं दक्षिणेऽक्षन् पुरुषस्तस्य भूरिति शिरः ।
एकं शिर एकमेतदक्षरम् ।
भुव इति बाहू ।
द्वौ बाहू द्वे एते अक्षरे ।
स्वरिति प्रतिष्ठा ।
द्वे प्रतिष्ठे द्वे एते अक्षरे ।
तस्योपनिषदहमिति ।
हन्ति पाप्मानं जहाति च य एवं वेद

yo'yaṃ dakṣiṇe'kṣan puruṣastasya bhūriti śiraḥ |
ekaṃ śira ekametadakṣaram |
bhuva iti bāhū |
dvau bāhū dve ete akṣare |
svariti pratiṣṭhā |
dve pratiṣṭhe dve ete akṣare |
tasyopaniṣadahamiti |
hanti pāpmānaṃ jahāti ca ya evaṃ veda

Of the Purusha in the right eye, bhuh is the head, for there is one head and this is one syllable. Bhuvah is the arms, two arms and two syllables. Svah is the feet, two feet and two syllables. His secret name is aham, I. He who knows this strikes down evil and leaves it behind.

5.6.1

मनोमयोऽयं पुरुषो भाःसत्यः ।
तस्मिन्नन्तर्हृदये यथा व्रीहिर्वा यवो वा ।
स एष सर्वस्येशानः सर्वस्याधिपतिः सर्वमिदं प्रशास्ति यदिदं किञ्च

manomayo'yaṃ puruṣo bhāḥsatyaḥ |
tasminnantarhṛdaye yathā vrīhirvā yavo vā |
sa eṣa sarvasyeśānaḥ sarvasyādhipatiḥ sarvamidaṃ praśāsti yadidaṃ kiñca

This Purusha is made of mind, and his true being is light. He dwells within the heart, small as a grain of rice or barley. Yet he is the lord of all, the ruler of all, and he governs everything there is.

5.7.1

विद्युद्ब्रह्मेत्याहुः ।
विदानाद्विद्युत् ।
विद्यत्येनं पाप्मनो य एवं वेद विद्युद्ब्रह्मेति ।
विद्युद्ध्येव ब्रह्म

vidyudbrahmetyāhuḥ |
vidānādvidyut |
vidyatyenaṃ pāpmano ya evaṃ veda vidyudbrahmeti |
vidyuddhyeva brahma

They say lightning is Brahman. It is called vidyut because it cuts asunder (vidana). He who knows lightning as Brahman, Brahman cuts him free from evil. For lightning is indeed Brahman.

5.8.1

वाचं धेनुमुपासीत ।
तस्याश्चत्वारः स्तनाः ।
स्वाहाकारो वषट्कारो हन्तकारः स्वधाकारः ।
तस्यै द्वौ स्तनौ देवा उपजीवन्ति ।
स्वाहाकारं च वषट्कारं च ।
हन्तकारं मनुष्याः ।
स्वधाकारं पितरः ।
तस्याः प्राण ऋषभो मनो वत्सः

vācaṃ dhenumupāsīta |
tasyāścatvāraḥ stanāḥ |
svāhākāro vaṣaṭkāro hantakāraḥ svadhākāraḥ |
tasyai dvau stanau devā upajīvanti |
svāhākāraṃ ca vaṣaṭkāraṃ ca |
hantakāraṃ manuṣyāḥ |
svadhākāraṃ pitaraḥ |
tasyāḥ prāṇa ṛṣabho mano vatsaḥ

Let one meditate on speech as a cow. She has four udders: the calls svaha, vashat, hanta and svadha. The devas live on two of them, svaha and vashat; men live on hanta; the pitris, the ancestors, on svadha. Prana is her bull and mind is her calf.

5.9.1

अयमग्निर्वैश्वानरो योऽयमन्तः पुरुषे ।
येनेदमन्नं पच्यते ।
यदिदमद्यते ।
तस्यैष घोषो भवति ।
यमेतत्कर्णावपिधाय शृणोति ।
स यदोत्क्रमिष्यन् भवति नैनं घोषं शृणोति

ayamagnirvaiśvānaro yo'yamantaḥ puruṣe |
yenedamannaṃ pacyate |
yadidamadyate |
tasyaiṣa ghoṣo bhavati |
yametatkarṇāvapidhāya śṛṇoti |
sa yadotkramiṣyan bhavati nainaṃ ghoṣaṃ śṛṇoti

The fire within a person is Agni Vaishvanara, the universal fire, by which the food that is eaten is digested. Its roar is what one hears on closing the ears. When a man is about to depart, he no longer hears this sound.

5.10.1

(सर्वासामुपासनानां गतेः फलस्य च विधायकं ब्राह्मणम् )
यदा वै पुरुषोऽस्माल्लोकात्प्रैति स वायुमागच्छति ।
तस्मै स तत्र विजिहीते यथा रथचक्रस्य खम् ।
तेन स ऊर्ध्व आक्रमते ।
स आदित्यमागच्छति ।
तस्मै स तत्र विजिहीते ।
यथा लम्बरस्य खम् ।
तेन स ऊर्ध्व आक्रमते ।
स चन्द्रमसमागच्छति ।
तस्मै स तत्र विजिहीते ।
यथा दुन्दुभेः खम् ।
तेन स ऊर्ध्व आक्रमते ।
स लोकमागच्छत्यशोकमहिमम् ।
तस्मिन् वसति शाश्वतीः समाः

(sarvāsāmupāsanānāṃ gateḥ phalasya ca vidhāyakaṃ brāhmaṇam )
yadā vai puruṣo'smāllokātpraiti sa vāyumāgacchati |
tasmai sa tatra vijihīte yathā rathacakrasya kham |
tena sa ūrdhva ākramate |
sa ādityamāgacchati |
tasmai sa tatra vijihīte |
yathā lambarasya kham |
tena sa ūrdhva ākramate |
sa candramasamāgacchati |
tasmai sa tatra vijihīte |
yathā dundubheḥ kham |
tena sa ūrdhva ākramate |
sa lokamāgacchatyaśokamahimam |
tasmin vasati śāśvatīḥ samāḥ

When a man departs from this world he reaches the wind. There the wind opens for him a gap like the hole in a chariot wheel, and through it he rises. He reaches the sun, which opens for him a gap like the opening of a lambara drum, and he rises on. He reaches the moon, which opens a gap like the opening of a dundubhi drum, and he rises on. He reaches a world free of sorrow and free of cold, and dwells there for endless years.

5.11.1

एतद्वै परमं तपो यद्व्याहितस्तप्यते ।
परमं हैव लोकं जयति य एवं वेद ।
एतद्वै परमं तपो यं प्रेतमरण्यं हरन्ति ।
परमं हैव लोकं जयति य एवं वेद ।
एतद्वै परमं तपो यं प्रेतमग्नावभ्यादधति ।
परमं हैव लोकं जयति य एवं वेद

etadvai paramaṃ tapo yadvyāhitastapyate |
paramaṃ haiva lokaṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda |
etadvai paramaṃ tapo yaṃ pretamaraṇyaṃ haranti |
paramaṃ haiva lokaṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda |
etadvai paramaṃ tapo yaṃ pretamagnāvabhyādadhati |
paramaṃ haiva lokaṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda

When a man lies sick and suffers, that is the highest tapas, austerity; he who knows this wins the highest world. When they carry him dead to the forest, that is the highest tapas; he who knows this wins the highest world. When they lay him dead on the fire, that is the highest tapas; he who knows this wins the highest world.

5.12.1

अन्नं ब्रह्मेत्येक आहुः ।
तन्न तथा ।
पूयति वा अन्नमृते प्राणात् ।
प्राणो ब्रह्मेत्येक आहुः ।
तन्न तथा ।
शुष्यति वै प्रण ऋतेऽन्नात् ।
एते ह त्वेव देवते एकधाभूयं भूत्वा परमतां गच्छतः ।
तद्ध स्माह प्रातृदः पितरम् ।
किं स्विदेवैवं विदुषे साधु कुर्यां किमेवास्मा असाधु कुर्यामिति ।
स ह स्माह पाणिना मा प्रातृद ।
कस्त्वेनयोरेकधाभूयं भूत्वा परमतां गच्छतीति ।
तस्मा उ हैतदुवाच वीति ।
अन्नं वै वि ।
अन्ने हीमानि सर्वाणि भूतानि विष्टानि ।
रमिति ।
प्राणो वै रम् ।
प्राणे हीमानि सर्वाणि भूतानि रमन्ते ।
सर्वाणि ह वा अस्मिन् भूतानि विशन्ति ।
सर्वाणि भूतानि रमन्ते य एवं वेद

annaṃ brahmetyeka āhuḥ |
tanna tathā |
pūyati vā annamṛte prāṇāt |
prāṇo brahmetyeka āhuḥ |
tanna tathā |
śuṣyati vai praṇa ṛte'nnāt |
ete ha tveva devate ekadhābhūyaṃ bhūtvā paramatāṃ gacchataḥ |
taddha smāha prātṛdaḥ pitaram |
kiṃ svidevaivaṃ viduṣe sādhu kuryāṃ kimevāsmā asādhu kuryāmiti |
sa ha smāha pāṇinā mā prātṛda |
kastvenayorekadhābhūyaṃ bhūtvā paramatāṃ gacchatīti |
tasmā u haitaduvāca vīti |
annaṃ vai vi |
anne hīmāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni viṣṭāni |
ramiti |
prāṇo vai ram |
prāṇe hīmāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni ramante |
sarvāṇi ha vā asmin bhūtāni viśanti |
sarvāṇi bhūtāni ramante ya evaṃ veda

Some say food is Brahman. Not so, for food rots without prana. Some say prana is Brahman. Not so, for prana withers without food. Only when the two become one do they reach the highest. Pratrida asked his father, "What good or harm could I do to one who knows this?" His father waved his hand: "No, Pratrida. Who reaches the highest just by their union?" Then he taught him: vi is food, for all beings enter (vishta) food; ram is prana, for all beings rejoice (ramante) in prana. All beings enter him and rejoice in him who knows this.

5.13.1

(प्राणोपासनाब्राह्मणम्)
उक्थम् ।
प्राणो वा उक्थम् ।
प्राणो हीदं सर्वमुत्थापयति ।
उद्धस्मादुक्थविद्वीरस्तिष्ठति ।
उक्थस्य सायुज्यं सलोकतां जयति य एवं वेद

(prāṇopāsanābrāhmaṇam)
uktham |
prāṇo vā uktham |
prāṇo hīdaṃ sarvamutthāpayati |
uddhasmādukthavidvīrastiṣṭhati |
ukthasya sāyujyaṃ salokatāṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda

The uktha, the recited hymn: prana is the uktha, for prana raises up (utthapayati) all this. From him who knows this a heroic son rises up, one who knows the uktha. He wins union with the uktha and a place in its world.

5.13.2

यजुः ।
प्राणो वै यजुः ।
प्राणे हीमानि सर्वाणि भूतानि युज्यन्ते ।
युज्यन्ते हास्मै सर्वाणि भूतानि श्रैष्ठ्याय ।
यजुषः सायुज्यं सलोकतां जयति य एवं वेद

yajuḥ |
prāṇo vai yajuḥ |
prāṇe hīmāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni yujyante |
yujyante hāsmai sarvāṇi bhūtāni śraiṣṭhyāya |
yajuṣaḥ sāyujyaṃ salokatāṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda

The yajus, the sacrificial formula: prana is the yajus, for in prana all beings are joined (yujyante). All beings join with him who knows this to make him foremost. He wins union with the yajus and a place in its world.

5.13.3

साम ।
प्राणो वै साम ।
प्राणे हीमानि सर्वाणि भूतानि सम्यञ्चि ।
सम्यञ्चि हास्मै सर्वाणि भूतानि श्रैष्ठ्याय कल्पन्ते ।
साम्नः सायुज्यं सलोकतां जयति य एवं वेद

sāma |
prāṇo vai sāma |
prāṇe hīmāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni samyañci |
samyañci hāsmai sarvāṇi bhūtāni śraiṣṭhyāya kalpante |
sāmnaḥ sāyujyaṃ salokatāṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda

The saman, the chant: prana is the saman, for in prana all beings come together (samyanchi). All beings come together for the preeminence of him who knows this. He wins union with the saman and a place in its world.

5.13.4

क्षत्रम् ।
प्राणो वै क्षत्रम् ।
प्राणो हि वै क्षत्रम् ।
त्रायते हैनं प्राणः क्षणितोः ।
प्र क्षत्रमत्रमाप्नोति ।
क्षत्रस्य सायुज्यं सलोकतां जयति य एवं वेद

kṣatram |
prāṇo vai kṣatram |
prāṇo hi vai kṣatram |
trāyate hainaṃ prāṇaḥ kṣaṇitoḥ |
pra kṣatramatramāpnoti |
kṣatrasya sāyujyaṃ salokatāṃ jayati ya evaṃ veda

The kshatra, ruling power: prana is the kshatra, for prana protects (trayate) the body from wounds (kshanitoh). He who knows this attains a kshatra that needs no other protector. He wins union with the kshatra and a place in its world.

5.14.1

(गायत्रब्रह्मोपासनाब्राह्मणम् )
भूमिरन्तरिक्षं द्यौरित्यष्टावक्षराणि ।
अष्टाक्षरं ह वा एकं गायत्र्यै पदम् ।
एतदु हैवास्या एतत् ।
स यावदेषु त्रिषु लोकेषु तावद्ध जयति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद

(gāyatrabrahmopāsanābrāhmaṇam )
bhūmirantarikṣaṃ dyaurityaṣṭāvakṣarāṇi |
aṣṭākṣaraṃ ha vā ekaṃ gāyatryai padam |
etadu haivāsyā etat |
sa yāvadeṣu triṣu lokeṣu tāvaddha jayati yo'syā etadevaṃ padaṃ veda

Bhumi, antariksha, dyauh, earth, sky and heaven, make eight syllables, and one foot of the Gayatri has eight syllables. So these three worlds are that foot of hers. He who knows this foot of the Gayatri wins as far as these three worlds reach.

5.14.2

ऋचो यजूषि सामानीत्यष्टावक्षराणि ।
अष्टाक्षरं ह वा एकं गायत्र्यै पदम् ।
एतदु हैवास्या एतत् ।
स यावतीयं त्रयी विद्या तावद्ध जयति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद

ṛco yajūṣi sāmānītyaṣṭāvakṣarāṇi |
aṣṭākṣaraṃ ha vā ekaṃ gāyatryai padam |
etadu haivāsyā etat |
sa yāvatīyaṃ trayī vidyā tāvaddha jayati yo'syā etadevaṃ padaṃ veda

Richah, yajumshi, samani, the verses, formulas and chants, make eight syllables, and one foot of the Gayatri has eight syllables. So the threefold Veda is that foot of hers. He who knows this foot wins as much as the threefold knowledge holds.

5.14.3

प्राणोऽपानो व्यान इत्यष्टावक्षराणि ।
अष्टाक्षरं ह वा एकं गायत्र्यै पदम् ।
एतदु हैवास्या एतत् ।
स यावदिदं प्राणि तावद्ध जयति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद ।
अथास्या एतदेव तुरीयं दर्शतं पदं परोरजा य एष तपति ।
यद्वै चतुर्थं तत्तुरीयम् ।
दर्शतं पदमिति ददृश इव ह्येषः ।
परोरजा इति सर्वमु ह्येवैष रज उपर्युपरि तपति ।
एवं हैव श्रिया यशसा तपति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद

prāṇo'pāno vyāna ityaṣṭāvakṣarāṇi |
aṣṭākṣaraṃ ha vā ekaṃ gāyatryai padam |
etadu haivāsyā etat |
sa yāvadidaṃ prāṇi tāvaddha jayati yo'syā etadevaṃ padaṃ veda |
athāsyā etadeva turīyaṃ darśataṃ padaṃ parorajā ya eṣa tapati |
yadvai caturthaṃ tatturīyam |
darśataṃ padamiti dadṛśa iva hyeṣaḥ |
parorajā iti sarvamu hyevaiṣa raja uparyupari tapati |
evaṃ haiva śriyā yaśasā tapati yo'syā etadevaṃ padaṃ veda

Prana, apana, vyana make eight syllables, and that is the third foot of the Gayatri. He who knows it wins all that breathes. Her fourth foot is the visible one, beyond all dust, the sun that shines yonder. Turiya means the fourth. It is called visible because it is, as it were, seen, and beyond dust because it shines above all that is dusty. He who knows this foot of hers shines likewise with glory and fame.

5.14.4

सैषा गायत्र्येतस्मिंस्तुरीये दर्शते पदे परोरजसि प्रतिष्ठिता ।
तद्वै तत्सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
चक्षुर्वै सत्यम् ।
चक्षुर्हि वै सत्यम् ।
तस्माद्यदिदानीं द्वौ विवदमानावेयातमहमदर्शमहमश्रौषमिति ।
य एवं ब्रूयादहमदर्शमिति ।
तस्मा एव श्रद्दध्याम ।
तद्वै तत्सत्यं बले प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
प्राणो वै बलम् ।
तत्प्राणे प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
तस्मादाहुर्बलं सत्यादोगीय इति ।
एवं वेषा गायत्र्यध्यात्मं प्रतिष्ठिता ।
सा हैषा गयांस्तत्रे ।
प्राणा वै गयाः ।
तत्प्राणास्तत्रे ।
तद्यद्गयांस्तत्रे तस्माद्गायत्री नाम ।
स यामेवामूं सावित्रीमन्वाहैषैव सा ।
स यस्मा अन्वाह तस्य प्राणांस्त्रायते

saiṣā gāyatryetasmiṃsturīye darśate pade parorajasi pratiṣṭhitā |
tadvai tatsatye pratiṣṭhitam |
cakṣurvai satyam |
cakṣurhi vai satyam |
tasmādyadidānīṃ dvau vivadamānāveyātamahamadarśamahamaśrauṣamiti |
ya evaṃ brūyādahamadarśamiti |
tasmā eva śraddadhyāma |
tadvai tatsatyaṃ bale pratiṣṭhitam |
prāṇo vai balam |
tatprāṇe pratiṣṭhitam |
tasmādāhurbalaṃ satyādogīya iti |
evaṃ veṣā gāyatryadhyātmaṃ pratiṣṭhitā |
sā haiṣā gayāṃstatre |
prāṇā vai gayāḥ |
tatprāṇāstatre |
tadyadgayāṃstatre tasmādgāyatrī nāma |
sa yāmevāmūṃ sāvitrīmanvāhaiṣaiva sā |
sa yasmā anvāha tasya prāṇāṃstrāyate

This Gayatri rests on that fourth, visible foot beyond the dust. That rests on truth, and the eye is truth: if two men come disputing, one saying "I saw" and the other "I heard," we trust the one who saw. Truth rests on strength, and strength is prana; so it is said strength is mightier than truth. Thus the Gayatri rests on the inner self. She protects the gayas, the vital breaths, and from protecting (tatre) the gayas she is called Gayatri. The Savitri verse a teacher recites to a pupil is this very Gayatri, and it protects the pupil's pranas.

5.14.5

तां हैतामेके सावित्रीमनुष्टुभमन्वाहुः ।
वागनुष्टुप् ।
एतद्वाचमनुब्रूम इति ।
न तथा कुर्यात् ।
गायत्रीमेव सावित्रीमानुब्रूयात् ।
यदि ह वा अप्येवंविद्बह्विव प्रतिगृह्णाति न हैव तद्गायत्र्या एकं चन पदं प्रति

tāṃ haitāmeke sāvitrīmanuṣṭubhamanvāhuḥ |
vāganuṣṭup |
etadvācamanubrūma iti |
na tathā kuryāt |
gāyatrīmeva sāvitrīmānubrūyāt |
yadi ha vā apyevaṃvidbahviva pratigṛhṇāti na haiva tadgāyatryā ekaṃ cana padaṃ prati

Some teach the Savitri in the anushtubh metre, saying speech is the anushtubh and they teach speech. One should not do so; one should teach the Savitri in the Gayatri metre. Even if one who knows this accepts very many gifts, it is not equal to even one foot of the Gayatri.

5.14.6

स य इमांस्त्रींल्लोकान् पूर्णान् प्रतिगृह्णीयात्सोऽस्या एतत्प्रथमं पदमाप्नुयात् ।
अथ यावतीयं त्रयी विद्या यस्तावत्प्रतिगृह्णीयात्सोऽस्या एतद्द्वितीयं पदमाप्नुयात् ।
अथ यावदिदं प्राणि यस्तावत्प्रतिगृह्णीयात्सोऽस्या एतत्तृतीयं पदमाप्नुयात् ।
अथास्या एतदेव तुरीयं दर्शतं पदं परोरजा य एष तपति ।
नैव केन चनाप्यम् ।
कुत उ एतावत्प्रतिगृह्णीयात्

sa ya imāṃstrīṃllokān pūrṇān pratigṛhṇīyātso'syā etatprathamaṃ padamāpnuyāt |
atha yāvatīyaṃ trayī vidyā yastāvatpratigṛhṇīyātso'syā etaddvitīyaṃ padamāpnuyāt |
atha yāvadidaṃ prāṇi yastāvatpratigṛhṇīyātso'syā etattṛtīyaṃ padamāpnuyāt |
athāsyā etadeva turīyaṃ darśataṃ padaṃ parorajā ya eṣa tapati |
naiva kena canāpyam |
kuta u etāvatpratigṛhṇīyāt

If one were to receive these three worlds full of wealth, that would match only her first foot. If one were to receive as much as the threefold Veda holds, that would match her second foot. If one were to receive as much as all that breathes, that would match her third foot. But her fourth, visible foot beyond the dust, the shining sun, no one can ever obtain. How could anyone receive so much?

5.14.7

तस्या उपस्थानम् ।
गायत्र्यस्येकपदी द्विपदी त्रिपदी चतुष्पदि ।
अपदसि ।
न हि पद्यसे ।
नमस्ते तुरीयाय दर्शताय पदाय परोरजसे ।
असावदो मा प्रापदिति ।
यं द्विष्यादसावस्मै कामो मा समर्धीति वा ।
न हैवास्मै स कामः समृध्यते यस्मा एवमुपतिष्ठते ।
अहमदः प्रापमिति वा

tasyā upasthānam |
gāyatryasyekapadī dvipadī tripadī catuṣpadi |
apadasi |
na hi padyase |
namaste turīyāya darśatāya padāya parorajase |
asāvado mā prāpaditi |
yaṃ dviṣyādasāvasmai kāmo mā samardhīti vā |
na haivāsmai sa kāmaḥ samṛdhyate yasmā evamupatiṣṭhate |
ahamadaḥ prāpamiti vā

Her worship: "O Gayatri, you are one-footed, two-footed, three-footed and four-footed. You are footless, for you are not reached. Salutation to your fourth, visible foot beyond the dust." If one bears ill will to someone, he may add, "May he not gain that," or "May his wish not prosper," and the wish of one against whom she is so invoked does not prosper. Or he may say, "May I gain that."

5.14.8

एतद्ध वै तज्जनको वैदेहो बुडिलमाश्वतराश्विमुवाच यन्नु हो तद्गायत्रीविदब्रूथाः ।
अथ कथं हस्तीभूतो वहसीति ।
मुखं ह्यस्याः सम्राण्न विदां चकरेति होवाच ।
तस्या अग्निरेव मुखम् ।
यदि ह वा अपि बह्विवाग्नावभ्यादधति सर्वमेव तत्संदहति ।
एवं हैवैवंविद्यद्यपि बह्विव पापं कुरुते सर्वमेव तत्संप्साय शुद्धः पूतोऽजरोऽमृतः संभवति

etaddha vai tajjanako vaideho buḍilamāśvatarāśvimuvāca yannu ho tadgāyatrīvidabrūthāḥ |
atha kathaṃ hastībhūto vahasīti |
mukhaṃ hyasyāḥ samrāṇna vidāṃ cakareti hovāca |
tasyā agnireva mukham |
yadi ha vā api bahvivāgnāvabhyādadhati sarvameva tatsaṃdahati |
evaṃ haivaivaṃvidyadyapi bahviva pāpaṃ kurute sarvameva tatsaṃpsāya śuddhaḥ pūto'jaro'mṛtaḥ saṃbhavati

Janaka of Videha once said to Budila Ashvatarashvi, "You called yourself a knower of the Gayatri. Then why have you become an elephant and carry burdens?" He replied, "Great king, I did not know her mouth." Fire is her mouth. However much fuel is laid on fire, it burns it all. Likewise one who knows this, though he commits much wrong, consumes it all and becomes pure, clean, ageless and immortal.

5.15.1

हिरण्मयेन पात्रेण सत्यस्यापिहितं मुखम् ।
तत्त्वं पूषन्नपावृणु सत्यधर्माय दृष्टये ।
पूषन्नेकर्षे यम सूर्य प्राजापत्य व्यूह रश्मीन् समूह तेजः ।
यत्ते रूपं कल्याणतमं तत्ते पश्यामि योऽसावसौ पुरुषः सोऽहमस्मि ।
वायुरनिलममृतमथेदं भस्मान्तं शरीरम् ।
ओं क्रतो स्मर कृतं स्मर क्रतो स्मर कृतं स्मर ।
अग्ने नय सुपथा रायेऽस्मान् विश्वानि देव वयुनानि विद्वान् ।
युयोध्यस्मज्जुहुराणमेनो भूयिष्ठां ते नमौक्तिं विधेम

hiraṇmayena pātreṇa satyasyāpihitaṃ mukham |
tattvaṃ pūṣannapāvṛṇu satyadharmāya dṛṣṭaye |
pūṣannekarṣe yama sūrya prājāpatya vyūha raśmīn samūha tejaḥ |
yatte rūpaṃ kalyāṇatamaṃ tatte paśyāmi yo'sāvasau puruṣaḥ so'hamasmi |
vāyuranilamamṛtamathedaṃ bhasmāntaṃ śarīram |
oṃ krato smara kṛtaṃ smara krato smara kṛtaṃ smara |
agne naya supathā rāye'smān viśvāni deva vayunāni vidvān |
yuyodhyasmajjuhurāṇameno bhūyiṣṭhāṃ te namauktiṃ vidhema

The face of the Real is hidden by a golden vessel. O Pushan, uncover it, so that I who hold to truth may see. O Pushan, lone seer, Yama, Surya, son of Prajapati, spread apart your rays and gather your light. I see your most blessed form; the Purusha yonder, I am he. Let my breath go to the immortal wind, and let this body end in ashes. Om. Mind, remember, remember what was done. Agni, lead us by the good path to the true wealth, O deva who knows every way. Keep from us the crooked sin. We offer you our fullest salutation.

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Text source: Wikisource · CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikisource transcription of a public-domain text)